Background The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene locus plays a fundamental role in human immunity, and it is established that certain HLA alleles are disease determinants. Previously, we have identified prevalent HLA class I and class II alleles, including DPA1*02:02, in two small patient cohorts at the COVID-19 pandemic onset. Methods We have since analyzed a larger public patient cohort data ( n = 126 patients) with controls, associated demographic and clinical data. By combining the predictive power of multiple in silico HLA predictors, we report on HLA-I and HLA-II alleles, along with their associated risk significance. Results We observe HLA-II DPA1*02:02 at a higher frequency in the COVID-19 positive cohort (29%) when compared to the COVID-negative control group (Fisher’s exact test [FET] p = 0.0174). Having this allele, however, does not appear to put this cohort’s patients at an increased risk of hospitalization. Inspection of COVID-19 disease severity outcomes, including admission to intensive care, reveal nominally significant risk associations with A*11:01 (FET p = 0.0078) and C*04:01 (FET p = 0.0087). The association with severe disease outcome is especially evident for patients with C*04:01, where disease prognosis measured by mechanical ventilation-free days was statistically significant after multiple hypothesis correction (Bonferroni p = 0.0323). While prevalence of some of these alleles falls below statistical significance after Bonferroni correction, COVID-19 patients with HLA-I C*04:01 tend to fare worse overall. This HLA allele may hold potential clinical value.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, RNA-Seq, Human leukocyte antigen (HLA), C*04:01, A*11:01, DPA1*02:02, 【초록키워드】 intensive care, Prognosis, Hospitalization, COVID-19 pandemic, Human, alleles, risk, predictors, in silico, outcome, Prevalence, outcomes, Cohort, Patient, HLA, determinants, disease, Admission, patients, association, Hypothesis, Frequency, severe disease, HLA class I, COVID-19 patient, control group, locus, increased risk, Clinical data, Inspection, statistical significance, COVID-19 disease severity, allele, HLA allele, predictive power, positive, Fisher’s exact test, patient cohort, Bonferroni correction, human immunity, while, controls, prevalent, observé, Result, analyzed, statistically significant, small patient cohort, 【제목키워드】 Transcriptome, Prognosis, Cohort, New York, disease, association, COVID-19 patient, HLA allele,