We employ the Google and Apple mobility data to identify, quantify and classify different degrees of social distancing and characterise their imprint on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and in the United States. We identify the period of enacted social distancing via Google and Apple data, independently from the political decisions. Our analysis allows us to classify different shades of social distancing measures for the first wave of the pandemic. We observe a strong decrease in the infection rate occurring two to five weeks after the onset of mobility reduction. A universal time scale emerges, after which social distancing shows its impact. We further provide an actual measure of the impact of social distancing for each region, showing that the effect amounts to a reduction by 20–40% in the infection rate in Europe and 30–70% in the US.
【저자키워드】 Diseases, Scientific data, 【초록키워드】 Europe, pandemic, social distancing, COVID-19 pandemic, infection rate, First wave, Analysis, Google, reduction, The United States, Social distancing measure, FIVE, decrease, observé, identify, Apple, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, social distancing, Google, Anatomy, Apple,