England has been heavily affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with severe ‘lockdown’ mitigation measures now gradually being lifted. The real-time pandemic monitoring presented here has contributed to the evidence informing this pandemic management throughout the first wave. Estimates on the 10 May showed lockdown had reduced transmission by 75%, the reproduction number falling from 2.6 to 0.61. This regionally varying impact was largest in London with a reduction of 81% (95% credible interval: 77–84%). Reproduction numbers have since then slowly increased, and on 19 June the probability of the epidemic growing was greater than 5% in two regions, South West and London. By this date, an estimated 8% of the population had been infected, with a higher proportion in London (17%). The infection-to-fatality ratio is 1.1% (0.9–1.4%) overall but 17% (14–22%) among the over-75s. This ongoing work continues to be key to quantifying any widespread resurgence, should accrued immunity and effective contact tracing be insufficient to preclude a second wave. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling that shaped the early COVID-19 pandemic response in the UK’.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Bayesian, Dynamics, Forecasting, real-time, nowcasting, 【초록키워드】 pandemic, Immunity, lockdown, COVID-19 pandemic, Contact tracing, Transmission, Probability, management, Reproduction number, second wave, estimate, London, England, First wave, Evidence, reduction, measure, South, West, reproduction, regions, widespread, effective, the epidemic, greater, affected, proportion, reduced, contributed, lifted, the SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 First wave,