On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the worldwide spread of the infectious disease COVID-19, caused by a new strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, as a pandemic. Like in all other infectious diseases, the host immune system plays a key role in our defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, viruses are able to evade the immune attack and proliferate and, in susceptible individuals, cause severe inflammatory response known as cytokine storm, particularly in the lungs. The advancement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the host immune responses promises to facilitate the development of approaches for prevention or treatment of diseases. Components of immune system, such as antibodies, can also be used to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic methods as well as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize our knowledge about how the host mounts immune responses to infection by SARS-CoV-2. We also describe the diagnostic methods being used for COVID-19 identification and summarize the current status of various therapeutic strategies, including vaccination, being considered for treatment of the disease.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV, Innate immunity, Antibody-dependent enhancement, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, viruses, antibodies, SARS-CoV-2, Cytokine storm, coronavirus, immune response, vaccination, pandemic, Infectious diseases, Diseases, knowledge, SARS-COV-2 infection, Infection, cytokine, Infectious disease, immune system, Spread, Host immune response, immune responses, Lungs, Therapeutic strategies, therapeutic agents, diagnostic methods, mechanism, Diagnostic method, Inflammatory response, Health Organization, other infectious diseases, World Health Organization, approaches, components, advancement, host immune responses, host immune system, immune attack, new strain, new strain of coronavirus, susceptible individuals, component, Defense, Host, develop, caused, approach, virus, the disease, facilitate, Like, evade, proliferate, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, coronavirus disease, Diagnosis, Characteristics, Immunologic,