The vulnerability of humankind to SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of a pre-existing immunity, the unpredictability of the infection outcome, and the high transmissibility, broad tissue tropism, and ability to exploit and subvert the immune response pose a major challenge and are likely perpetuating the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, this peculiar infectious scenario provides researchers with a unique opportunity for studying, with the latest immunological techniques and understandings, the immune response in SARS-CoV-2 naïve versus recovered subjects as well as in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees. Interestingly, the current understanding of COVID-19 indicates that the combined action of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines fine-tunes the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related immunopathogenesis. Indeed, the emerging picture clearly shows that the excessive inflammatory response against this virus is among the main causes of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. In this review, the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is described not only in light of its capacity to influence the adaptive immune response towards a protective phenotype but also with the intent to point out the multiple strategies exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to antagonize host antiviral response and, finally, to outline inborn errors predisposing individuals to COVID-19 disease severity.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Innate immunity, soluble and cellular mediators, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, immune response, Cytokines, innate immune response, SARS-COV-2 infection, COVID-19 pandemic, disease severity, Infection, outcome, virus, chemokine, excessive inflammatory response, Transmissibility, Immunopathogenesis, phenotype, Innate immune cells, Adaptive immune response, pre-existing immunity, COVID-19 patients, Protective, tissue tropism, subject, individual, COVID-19 disease severity, naïve, host antiviral response, vaccinees, researcher, immunological, fine-tune, described, provide, indicate, absence, unique, cause, 【제목키워드】 response, Innate, mediator,