The aim of this review is to highlight the influence of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) during the COVID-19 pandemic era and the specific role of interleukin (IL)-6 in diabesity. It is known that diabetes, high body mass index, high glycated hemoglobin and raised serum IL-6 levels are predictive of poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The immunopathological mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection include rising levels of several cytokines and in particular IL-6. The latter is associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and could be useful for predicting the development of GDM. Rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, MedDiet improves the immune system and could modulate IL-6, C reactive protein and Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB. Moreover, polyphenols could modulate microbiota composition, inhibit the NF-κB pathway, lower IL-6, and upregulate antioxidant enzymes. Finally, adhering to the MedDiet prior to and during pregnancy could have a protective effect, reducing GWG and the risk of GDM, as well as improving the immune response to viral infections such as COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 Inflammation, oxidative stress, nutraceuticals, plant foods, cardio-diabesity, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, viral infection, coronavirus, immune response, IL-6, diet, COVID-19 pandemic, omega-3, Infection, risk, cytokine, diabetes, immune system, outcome, antioxidant, vitamins, serum, body mass index, Pregnancy, microbiota, weight, insulin resistance, hemoglobin, hyperglycemia, Enzymes, mechanism, protective effect, NF-κB pathway, Minerals, fatty acids, Predictive, C reactive protein, acute respiratory syndrome, Factor, Gain, highlight, Polyunsaturated, IMPROVE, include, inhibit, raised, reducing, modulate, immunopathological, rising, IL-6 level, 【제목키워드】 diet, prevention,