At present, there is no vaccine or effective standard treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (or coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)), which frequently leads to lethal pulmonary inflammatory responses. COVID-19 pathology is characterized by extreme inflammation and amplified immune response with activation of a cytokine storm. A subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can take place, which is often followed by death. The causes of these strong inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unknown. As uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation is likely the main cause of death in SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions are particularly important. Fenretinide N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide is a bioactive molecule characterized by poly-pharmacological properties and a low toxicity profile. Fenretinide is endowed with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties other than efficacy in obesity/diabetic pathologies. Its anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities, in particular, could likely have utility in multimodal therapies for the treatment of ALI/ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, fenretinide administration by pulmonary delivery systems could further increase its therapeutic value by carrying high drug concentrations to the lungs and triggering a rapid onset of activity. This is particularly important in SARS-CoV-2 infection, where only a narrow time window exists for therapeutic intervention.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Anti-inflammatory, pulmonary delivery, adjuvant treatment, fenretinide, antiviral environment, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, SARS-CoV-2, Inflammation, Efficacy, ARDS, Vaccine, Cytokine storm, immune response, therapy, Inflammatory responses, Antiviral, SARS-COV-2 infection, Infection, lung, Toxicity, progression, pulmonary inflammation, acute lung injury, Coronavirus disease-19, therapeutic, death, utility, Pathologies, COVID-19 patients, acute respiratory distress, Coronavirus-2, Inflammatory response, administration, antiviral activities, acute respiratory syndrome, Activation, standard treatment, syndrome, therapeutic intervention, COVID-19 pathology, immunomodulating, triggering, effective, extreme, amplified, subsequent, characterized, cause, drug concentration, 【제목키워드】 pulmonary, delivery, adjuvant,