Despite the protracted battle against coronavirus acute respiratory infection (COVID-19) and the rapid evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), no specific and effective drugs have to date been reported. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a zinc metalloproteinase and a critical modulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition, ACE2 has anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis functions. ACE has become widely known in the past decade as it has been identified as the primary receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, being closely associated with their infection. SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the lung, which induces a cytokine storm by infecting alveolar cells, resulting in tissue damage and eventually severe acute respiratory syndrome. In the lung, innate immunity acts as a critical line of defense against pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to summarize the regulation of ACE2, and lung host cells resist SARS-CoV-2 invasion by activating innate immunity response. Finally, we discuss ACE2 as a therapeutic target, providing reference and enlightenment for the clinical treatment of COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, ALI, immune cells, 【초록키워드】 Evolution, Cytokine storm, coronavirus, Anti-inflammatory, SARS-CoV, Innate immunity, Infection, lung, RAS, renin-angiotensin system, Acute respiratory infection, target, Pathogens, receptor, Critical, ACE, Clinical treatment, Invasion, therapeutic target, host cell, acute respiratory syndrome, Regulation, tissue damage, enzyme, functions, Defense, metalloproteinase, alveolar cells, infecting, resulting, reported, addition, induce, activating, effective drug, 【제목키워드】 review, Innate,