Objectives This study screened for factors affecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, appraised vitamin D’s efficacy in preventing COVID-19, and assessed the effects of clinical characteristics, glycemic status, vitamin D, and hydroxychloroquine administration on COVID-19’s progression and severity in T1DM patients. Methods This retrospective research on 150 adults was conducted at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. Participants were allocated to three groups (50/group): control, T1DM, and T1DM with COVID-19. Participants’ fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), complete blood count, vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, liver and kidney function, and hydroxychloroquine treatment were retrieved and analyzed. Results The percentages of comorbidities and not taking hydroxychloroquine were significantly higher among T1DM patients with COVID-19 than patients with T1DM only. Mean vitamin D level was significantly lower in T1DM with COVID-19 patients than in the other two groups. Vitamin D showed a significant negative correlation with LDH, CRP, ESR, ferritin, and D-dimer, which was the most reliable predictor of COVID-19 severity in T1DM patients. Conclusion Comorbidities and vitamin D deficiency are risk factors for COVID-19 in patients with T1DM. Patients who do not take hydroxychloroquine and have higher FBG and HbA1c levels are vulnerable to COVID-19. Vitamin D may be useful for preventing COVID-19 in T1DM patients. Comorbidities, higher FBG and HbA1c levels, not taking hydroxychloroquine, and vitamin D inadequacy elevate COVID-19 progression and severity in patients with T1DM.
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, Coronavirus disease 2019, Efficacy, Risk factors, Hydroxychloroquine, Vitamin D, Clinical characteristics, Kidney function, severity, Comorbidities, Diabetes Mellitus, COVID-19 severity, LDH, Comorbidity, C-reactive protein, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, progression, diabetes, risk factor, lactate dehydrogenase, vitamin D deficiency, complete blood count, Research, Patient, ESR, hemoglobin, incidence, security, liver, patients, prothrombin, Glucose, COVID-19 patients, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, blood count, Lactate, retrospective, blood glucose, Prothrombin time, erythrocyte sedimentation, glycated hemoglobin, partial thromboplastin time, COVID-19 progression, deficiency, activated partial thromboplastin time, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Factor, sedimentation rate, two groups, significant negative correlation, percentages, three groups, participant, THROMBOPLASTIN, force, hydroxychloroquine administration, hydroxychloroquine treatment, liver and kidney function, significantly lower, Effect, objective, Result, analyzed, conducted, screened, activated, significantly higher, affecting, three group, COVID-19 in patient, fasting blood, glycemic, patients with COVID-19, percentage, retrieved, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Factor, Type,