Associations between institutional-social-ecological factors and COVID -19 case-fatality: Evidence from 134 countries using multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR)

Highlights • Applying social-ecological system framework to understand key factors influencing the COVID-19 severity of 134 countries and regions; • Based on a total of 11 institutional-social-ecological factors, 6 factors are found to be associated with COVID-19 case fatality rate; • The study adopted multiscale geographically weighted regression and the 6 factors identified have spatial heterogeneity; • Vaccination policy, age dependency ratio, press freedom, gross domestic products, COVID-19 testing policy, and population density are associated with COVID-19 fatality rate