Graphical abstract The immune mechanism of COVID-19 vaccines-induced immediate allergy and urticaria. A). The excipient or component of COVID-19 vaccines (such as PEG 2000, poly 80, tris, or spike protein) can be directly recognized by IgE antibodies, which coupled with their receptor-FcεRI on the mast cells or basophils, resulting in mast cell/basophil degranulation and triggering immediate allergic reactions. B). The excipient or component of COVID-19 vaccines can be recognized by B cells or presented to the T cells, resulting in autoreactive IgG/IgE antibodies production and increased cytokine/chemokine release. Moreover, IgG/IgE autoantibodies against self-antigens (e.g., IL24, TPO, etc.), may promote mast cell or basophil degranulation and cause delayed and chronic urticarial reactions. Abbreviation: IgE, immunoglobulin E; IL-24, Interleukin-24, PEG, polyethylene glycol; poly 80, polysorbate 80; TPO, thyroid peroxidase antibody, tris, tromethamine. Image 1
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, chronic urticaria, autoreactive antibodies, PEG, Anti-TPO IgG,