Augmenting Radiological Diagnostics with AI for Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Disease Detection: Deep Learning Detection of Chest Radiographs

In this research, we introduce a network that can identify pneumonia, COVID-19, and tuberculosis using X-ray images of patients’ chests. The study emphasizes tuberculosis, COVID-19, and healthy lung conditions, discussing how advanced neural networks, like VGG16 and ResNet50, can improve the detection of lung issues from images. To prepare the images for the model’s input requirements, we enhanced them through data augmentation techniques for training purposes. We evaluated the model’s performance by analyzing the precision, recall, and F1 scores across training, validation, and testing datasets. The results show that the ResNet50 model outperformed VGG16 with accuracy and resilience. It displayed superior ROC AUC values in both validation and test scenarios. Particularly impressive were ResNet50’s precision and recall rates, nearing 0.99 for all conditions in the test set. On the hand, VGG16 also performed well during testing—detecting tuberculosis with a precision of 0.99 and a recall of 0.93. Our study highlights the performance of our deep learning method by showcasing the effectiveness of ResNet50 over traditional approaches like VGG16. This progress utilizes methods to enhance classification accuracy by augmenting data and balancing them. This positions our approach as an advancement in using state-of-the-art deep learning applications in imaging. By enhancing the accuracy and reliability of diagnosing ailments such as COVID-19 and tuberculosis, our models have the potential to transform care and treatment strategies, highlighting their role in clinical diagnostics.