SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), is associated with a bewildering array of cardiovascular manifestations, including myocardial infarction and stroke, myocarditis and heart failure, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, venous thromboembolism, and microvascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that a profound disturbance of endothelial homeostasis contributes to these conditions. Furthermore, the pulmonary infiltration and edema, and later pulmonary fibrosis, in patients with COVID-19 is promoted by endothelial alterations including the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines, increased intercellular permeability, and endothelial-to-mesenchyme transitions. The cognitive disturbance occurring in this disease may also be due in part to an impairment of the blood-brain barrier. Venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism are most likely associated with an endothelial defect caused by circulating inflammatory cytokines and/or direct endothelial invasion by the virus. Endothelial-targeted therapies such as statins, nitric oxide donors, and antioxidants may be useful therapeutic adjuncts in COVID-19 by restoring endothelial homeostasis.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, nitric oxide, Endothelium, Dementia, myocarditis, Pulmonary embolism, Myocardial infarction, Deep venous thrombosis, cerebrovascular attack, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, therapy, thrombosis, stroke, pulmonary fibrosis, chemokines, virus, antioxidant, Venous Thromboembolism, heart failure, therapeutic, edema, Thromboembolism, Manifestations, donors, disease, expression, Arrhythmias, homeostasis, Inflammatory cytokine, Evidence, infiltration, Invasion, Adhesion Molecule, cognitive, endothelial, alteration, circulating, impairment, caused, indicate, contribute, cause, conditions, promoted, intercellular, patients with COVID-19, ventricular, 【제목키워드】 cardiovascular, manifestation, chronic, role,