Purpose To explore occupational and non-occupational risk and protective factors for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods Serum specimens and questionnaire data were obtained between October 7 and December 16, 2021 from COVID-19-vaccinated HCWs at a quaternary care hospital in Munich, Germany, and were analyzed in the RisCoin Study. Results Of 3,696 participants evaluated, 6.6% have had COVID-19 at least once. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified working in patient care occupations (7.3% had COVID-19, 95% CI 6.4–8.3, P r} = 0.0002), especially as nurses, to be a potential occupation-related COVID-19 risk factor. Non-occupational factors significantly associated with high rates of the disease were contacts to COVID-19 cases in the community (12.8% had COVID-19, 95% CI 10.3–15.8, P r} < 0.0001), being obese (9.9% had COVID-19, 95% CI 7.1–13.5, P r} = 0.0014), and frequent traveling abroad (9.4% had COVID-19, 95% CI 7.1–12.3, P r} = 0.0088). On the contrary, receiving the basic COVID-19 immunization early during the pandemic (5.9% had COVID-19, 95% CI 5.1–6.8, P r} < 0.0001), regular smoking (3.6% had COVID-19, 95% CI 2.1–6.0, P r} = 0.0088), living with the elderly (3.0% had COVID-19, 95% CI 1.0–8.0, P r} = 0.0475), and frequent consumption of ready-to-eat meals (2.6% had COVID-19, 95% CI 1.1–5.4, P r} = 0.0045) were non-occupational factors potentially protecting study participants against COVID-19. Conclusion The newly discovered associations between the living situation, traveling as well as dietary habits and altered COVID-19 risk can potentially help refine containment measures and, furthermore, contribute to new mechanistic insights that may aid the protection of risk groups and vulnerable individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-024-02201-4.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Healthcare workers, risk, prevention, General population,