(1) Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the most studied rhinological disorders. Modifications of the respiratory nasal mucosa in COVID-19 patients are so far unknown. This paper presents a comparative morphological characterization of the respiratory nasal mucosa in CRSwNP versus COVID-19 and tissue interleukin (IL)-33 concentration. (2) Methods: We analyzed CRSwNP and COVID-19 samples through histopathology, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and performed proteomic determination of IL-33. (3) Results: Histopathologically, stromal edema ( p < 0.0001) and basal membrane thickening ( p = 0.0768) were found more frequently in CRSwNP than in COVID-19. Inflammatory infiltrate was mainly eosinophil-dominant in CRSwNP and lymphocyte-dominant in COVID-19 ( p = 0.3666). A viral cytopathic effect was identified in COVID-19. Scanning electron microscopy detected biofilms only in CRSwNP, while most COVID-19 samples showed microbial aggregates ( p = 0.0148) and immune cells ( p = 0.1452). Transmission electron microscopy of CRSwNP samples identified biofilms, mucous cell hyperplasia ( p = 0.0011), eosinophils, fibrocytes, mastocytes, and collagen fibers. Extracellular suggestive structures for SARS-CoV-2 and multiple Golgi apparatus in epithelial cells were detected in COVID-19 samples. The tissue IL-33 concentration in CRSwNP (210.0 pg/7 μg total protein) was higher than in COVID-19 (52.77 pg/7 μg total protein) ( p < 0.0001), also suggesting a different inflammatory pattern. (4) Conclusions: The inflammatory pattern is different in each of these disorders. Results suggested the presence of nasal dysbiosis in both conditions, which could be a determining factor in CRSwNP and a secondary factor in COVID-19.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, nasal mucosa, Chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, interleukin-33, 【초록키워드】 Structure, SARS-CoV-2, nasal, Histopathology, Protein, Morphological, eosinophils, Microscopy, edema, IL-33, membrane, collagen, transmission electron microscopy, proteomic, COVID-19 samples, Concentration, Inflammatory, Immune cell, COVID-19 patient, microbial, epithelial cell, chronic, scanning electron microscopy, tissue, disorders, aggregate, Golgi apparatus, Cell, viral cytopathic effect, Result, analyzed, performed, suggested, conditions, COVID-19 sample, 【제목키워드】 respiratory, chronic, rhinosinusitis, polyp, electron, Assessing,