Background: The long-term effects of COVID-19 remain largely unclear. This study aims to investigate post-acute health consequences and mortality one year after hospital discharge. Methods: All surviving adult patients who were discharged after hospital admission due to acute COVID-19 in the first wave of the pandemic underwent a comprehensive interview. Functional assessment was performed in patients aged over 65. Clinical and hospital records were reviewed and mortality causes assessed. Results: A total of 587 patients with COVID-19 were discharged from hospital, including 266 after hospital admission and 321 from the emergency room. Mortality within the following year occurred in 34/266 (12.8%) and 10/321 (3.1%), respectively, due to causes directly or possibly related to COVID-19 in 20.5% and 25% of patients. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was assessed in 543 patients at one year from discharge. Any clinical complaint was reported by 90.1% of patients who needed hospitalization and 80.4% of those discharged from the emergency room ( p = 0.002), with breathlessness (41.6%), tiredness (35.4%), ageusia (30.2%), and anosmia (26.3%) being the most common complaints. Ongoing symptoms attributed to COVID-19 were reported by 66.8% and 49.5% of patients, respectively ( p < 0.001). Newly developed COPD, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, and arthritis—as well as worsening of preexisting comorbidities—were found. Conclusions: One-year mortality among survivors of acute COVID-19 was 7.5%. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experienced ongoing symptoms at 1 year from onset of the disease.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Risk factors, Mortality, predictors, Spain, Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, 【초록키워드】 Asthma, pandemic, Hospitalization, hospital, Symptom, diabetes, discharge, Anosmia, COPD, heart failure, Health, Ageusia, clinical, Patient, Hospital admission, First wave, patients, COVID-19 patient, Functional assessment, breathlessness, worsening, hospital discharge, syndrome, acute COVID-19, tiredness, survivor, Effect, consequence, occurred, proportion, reported, the disease, was performed, cause, discharged, patients with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Year,