Since the initial identification of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As effective vaccines and treatments begin to emerge, it will become increasingly important to identify and proactively manage the long-term respiratory complications of severe disease. The patterns of imaging abnormalities coupled with data from prior coronavirus outbreaks suggest that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia are likely at an increased risk of progression to interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic pulmonary vascular disease. In this paper, we briefly review the definition, classification, and underlying pathophysiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD). We then review the current literature on the proposed mechanisms of lung injury in severe COVID-19 infection, and outline potential viral- and immune-mediated processes implicated in the development of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF). Finally, we address patient-specific and iatrogenic risk factors that could lead to PCPF and discuss strategies for reducing risk of pulmonary complications/sequelae.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ARDS, coronavirus, mechanical ventilation, Pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, Interstitial lung disease, Venous Thromboembolism, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, Severe COVID-19 pneumonia, COVID-19 pandemic, risk, Lung injury, progression, risk factor, pathophysiology, outbreak, Patient, morbidity and mortality, ILD, mechanism, Immune-mediated, severe disease, vascular disease, Severe COVID-19 Infection, increased risk, novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, initial, identify, reducing, effective vaccine, implicated, increasingly, iatrogenic, imaging abnormality, respiratory complication, 【제목키워드】 pulmonary, novel, current,