Highlights • Being vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 was associated with lower odds of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. • Those more middle-aged or more affluent were more likely to show a stronger association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and reduced anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. • Vaccination among ethnic minorities and those with lower educational attainment associated with additional higher odds of anxiety or depression. Background Worsening of anxiety and depressive symptoms have been widely described during the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be hypothesized that vaccination could link to reduced symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. However, to date, no study has assessed this. This study aims to examine anxiety and depressive symptoms after vaccination in US adults, meanwhile test sociodemographic disparities in these outcomes. Methods Data from the January 6-June 7 2021, cross-sectional Household Pulse Survey were analyzed. Using survey-weighted logistic regression, we assessed the relationships between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and anxiety and/or depressive symptoms, both on overall and sociodemographic subgroups. We controlled for a variety of potential socioeconomic and demographic confounding factors. Results Of the 453,167 participants studied, 52.2% of the participants had received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 26.5% and 20.3% of the participants reported anxiety and depression, respectively. Compared to those not vaccinated, the vaccinated participants had a 13% lower odds of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.85, 95%CI 0.83–0.90) and 17% lower odds of depression (AOR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.79–0.85). Disparities on the above associations were identified in age, marital status, education level, ethnic/race, and income level, but not on gender. Limitations The causal inference was not able to be investigated due to the cross-sectional study design. Conclusion Being vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 was associated with lower odds of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. While those more middle-aged or more affluent, were more likely to show these negative associations, the contrary was observed in ethnic minorities and those with lower educational attainment. More strategic and demography-sensitive public health communications could perhaps temper these issues.
【저자키워드】 Anxiety, Depression, United States, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, 【초록키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccine, vaccination, cross-sectional, survey, COVID-19 pandemic, Gender, Symptom, outcomes, Adults, Depressive symptoms, household, Study design, Logistic regression, age, association, disparity, public health communication, adjusted odds ratio, 95%CI, subgroups, participant, contrary, limitation, confounding factors, Sociodemographic, while, being, depressive symptom, Result, described, analyzed, reported, investigated, reduced, variety, associations, higher odd, temper, 【제목키워드】 cross-sectional, outcome, Health, National,