This cohort study examines the spread of COVID-19 infection within family members living in the same residence with different levels of immunity. Key Points Question How is COVID-19 immunity within families associated with the risk for infection in family members without immunity? Findings In this cohort study of 1 789 728 individuals from 814 806 families in Sweden, family members without immunity had a 45% to 97% lower risk of contracting COVID-19 as the number of immune family members increased. Meaning These results suggest that COVID-19 vaccines play a key role in reducing the transmission of the virus within families, which likely has implications for herd immunity and pandemic control. Importance The association between COVID-19 immunity within families and the risk of infection in nonimmune family members is unknown. Objective To investigate the association between risk of COVID-19 in nonimmune individuals and the number of their family members with known immunity acquired from a previous COVID-19 infection or full vaccination (2 vaccine doses). Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study of data from nationwide registries in Sweden, all individuals who acquired immunity from either previous COVID-19 infection or full vaccination until May 26, 2021, were considered for inclusion. Each person with immunity was matched 1:1 to an individual without immunity from an identified cohort of individuals with families comprising 2 to 5 members. Exposures Number of immune family members in each family on April 14, 2021 (index date), who acquired immunity from a previous COVID-19 infection or full vaccination (2 doses of the mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 mRNA, or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine). Main Outcomes and Measures Incident COVID-19 infection in nonimmune family members from April 15 to May 26, 2021. Results A total of 1 789 728 individuals from 814 806 families were included in the analysis. Each family comprised 2 to 5 family members, with a mean (SD) age at baseline of 51.3 (19.5) years. During a mean (range) follow-up time of 26.3 (1-40) days, 88 797 of 1 549 989 (5.7%) nonimmune family members (mean [SD] age, 51.6 [17.7] years; 790 276 men [51.0%]) were diagnosed with COVID-19. There was an inverse dose-response association between the number of immune members in each family and the risk of incident COVID-19 infection in nonimmune family members. Nonimmune families with 1 immune family member had a 45% to 61% lower risk of contracting COVID-19 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.39-0.55; 95% CI, 0.37-0.61, P < .001). The risk reduction increased to 75% to 86% in families with 2 immune family members (HR, 0.14-0.25; 95% CI, 0.11-0.27; P < .001), 91% to 94% with 3 immune family members (HR, 0.06-0.09; 95% CI, 0.04-0.10; P < .001), and 97% with 4 immune family members (HR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.05; P < .001). The results were similar for the outcome of COVID-19 infection that was severe enough to warrant a hospital stay. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, family members without immunity had a 45% to 97% lower risk of contracting COVID-19 as the number of immune family members increased. Vaccination is a key strategy for decreasing the transmission of the virus within families.
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccine, vaccination, vaccine doses, pandemic, Immunity, mRNA-1273, Infection, risk, Transmission, outcome, virus, immune, cohort study, Cohort, COVID-19 infection, age, BNT162b2 mRNA, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, association, Analysis, dose, exposure, risk of infection, Hospital stay, COVID-19 immunity, number, 95% CI, hazard ratio, individual, lower risk, measure, participant, follow-up time, finding, risk reduction, incident, men, implication, objective, risk of COVID-19, setting, spread of COVID-19, Result, reducing, Importance, 1:1, baseline, diagnosed with COVID-19, for inclusion, Point, Relevance, their family member, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, family, individual, member,