Since its outbreak in 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, affecting more than 52 million people and causing more than 1 million mortalities globally till date. Current research reveals a wide array of disease manifestations and behaviors encompassing multiple organ systems in body and immense systemic inflammation, which have been summarized in this review. Data from a number of scientific reviews, research articles, case series, observational studies, and case reports were retrieved by utilizing online search engines such as Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus from December 2019 to November 2020. The data for prevalence of signs and symptoms, underlying disease mechanisms and comorbidities were analyzed using SPSS version 25. This review will discuss a wide range of COVID-19 clinical presentations recorded till date, and the current understanding of both the underlying general as well as system specific pathophysiologic, and pathogenetic pathways. These include direct viral penetration into host cells through ACE2 receptors, induction of inflammosomes and immune response through viral proteins, and the initiation of system-wide inflammation and cytokine production. Moreover, peripheral organ damage and underlying comorbid diseases which can lead to short term and long term, reversible and irreversible damage to the body have also been studied. We concluded that underlying comorbidities and their pathological effects on the body contributed immensely and determine the resultant disease severity and mortality of the patients. Presently there is no drug approved for treatment of COVID-19, however multiple vaccines are now in use and research for more is underway.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, pathology, Vaccine, Manifestations, Entry mechanism, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, coronavirus disease, Inflammation, coronavirus, immune response, pandemic, Mortality, disease severity, Comorbidities, Comorbidity, cytokine, Viral proteins, underlying disease, Symptoms, observational studies, Case report, Prevalence, Case series, Viral, outbreak, Signs and symptoms, Research, ACE2 receptors, systemic inflammation, case reports, patients, mechanism, cytokine production, Pathways, clinical presentation, long term, lead, host cells, host cell, short term, organ systems, organ system, damage, organ damage, SPSS, disease manifestation, penetration, comorbid diseases, irreversible damage, Effect, articles, comorbid disease, current, analyzed, include, approved, determine, contributed, reveal, affecting, recorded, pathophysiologic, retrieved, 【제목키워드】 pathophysiological,