Repurposing FDA-approved drugs that treat respiratory infections caused by coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, could quickly provide much needed antiviral therapies. In the current study, the potency and cellular toxicity of four fluoroquinolones (enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) were assessed in Vero cells and A549 cells engineered to overexpress ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. All four fluoroquinolones suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication at high micromolar concentrations in both cell types, with enoxacin demonstrating the lowest effective concentration 50 value (EC 50 ) of 126.4 μM in Vero cells. Enoxacin also suppressed the replication of MERS-CoV-2 in Vero cells at high micromolar concentrations. Cellular toxicity of levofloxacin was not found in either cell type. In Vero cells, minimal toxicity was observed following treatment with ≥37.5 μM enoxacin and 600 μM ciprofloxacin. Toxicity in both cell types was detected after moxifloxacin treatment of ≥300 μM. In summary, these results suggest that the ability of fluoroquinolones to suppress SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV replication in cultured cells is limited.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Efficacy, Antiviral, MERS, fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, respiratory infections, ACE2, Coronaviruses, Toxicity, repurposing, MERS, FDA-approved drugs, MERS-CoV, Replication, respiratory infection, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, respiratory, SARS-CoV-2 replication, A549, cellular, Concentration, cell types, cell type, antiviral therapies, (enoxacin, FDA-approved drug, cultured cells, potency, entry receptor, SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, Vero cells, treat, A549 cells, Vero Cell, effective, Cell, concentrations, lowest, caused, cultured cell, suppressed, suppress, A549 cell, overexpress, the SARS-CoV-2, were assessed, 【제목키워드】 MERS-CoV, activity,