Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 virus causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with other comorbidities such as diabetes. Diabetes is the most common cause of diabetic nephropathy, which is attributed to hyperglycemia. COVID-19 produces severe complications in people with diabetes mellitus. This article explains how SARS-CoV-2 causes more significant kidney damage in diabetic patients. Importantly, COVID-19 and diabetes share inflammatory pathways of disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 binding with ACE-2 causes depletion of ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) from blood vessels, and subsequently, angiotensin-II interacts with angiotensin receptor-1 from vascular membranes that produce NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate) oxidase, oxidative stress, and constriction of blood vessels. Since diabetes and COVID-19 can create oxidative stress, we hypothesize that COVID-19 with comorbidities such as diabetes can synergistically increase oxidative stress leading to end-stage renal failure and death. Antioxidants may therefore prevent renal damage-induced death by inhibiting oxidative damage and thus can help protect people from COVID-19 related comorbidities. A few clinical trials indicated how effective the antioxidant therapy is against improving COVID-19 symptoms, based on a limited number of patients who experienced COVID-19. In this review, we tried to understand how effective antioxidants (such as vitamin D and flavonoids) can act as food supplements or therapeutics against COVID-19 with diabetes as comorbidity based on recently available clinical, preclinical, or in silico studies.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Diabetes Mellitus, oxidative stress, antioxidant, kidney damage, 【초록키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, clinical trial, therapy, Comorbidities, Comorbidity, diabetes, in silico, novel coronavirus disease, virus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE-2, Disease progression, blood vessels, Patient, death, membrane, oxidative damage, hyperglycemia, COVID-19 symptoms, binding, diabetic patients, phosphate, Diabetic, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, acute respiratory syndrome, Vascular, help, NADPH, renal, Prevent, effective, nephropathy, PROTECT, indicated, interact, cause, inhibiting, explain, diabete, severe complication, end-stage renal failure, inflammatory pathway, 【제목키워드】 alleviation,