Abstract Background We present a novel approach for exiting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns using a ‘risk scorecard’ to prioritize activities to resume whilst allowing safe reopening. Methods We modelled cases generated in the community/week, incorporating parameters for social distancing, contact tracing and imported cases. We set thresholds for cases and analysed the effect of varying parameters. An online tool to facilitate country-specific use including the modification of parameters ( https://sshsphdemos.shinyapps.io/covid_riskbudget/ ) enables visualization of effects of parameter changes and trade-offs. Local outbreak investigation data from Singapore illustrate this. Results Setting a threshold of 0.9 mean number of secondary cases arising from a case to keep R < 1, we showed that opening all activities excluding high-risk ones (e.g. nightclubs) allows cases to remain within threshold; while opening high-risk activities would exceed the threshold and result in escalating cases. An 80% reduction in imported cases per week (141 to 29) reduced steady-state cases by 30% (295 to 205). One-off surges in cases (due to superspreading) had no effect on the steady state if the R remains <1. Increasing the effectiveness of contact tracing (probability of a community case being isolated when infectious) by 33% (0.6 to 0.8) reduced cases by 22% (295 to 231). Cases grew exponentially if the product of the mean number of secondary cases arising from a case and (1—probability of case being isolated) was >1. Conclusions Countries can utilize a ‘risk scorecard’ to balance relaxations for travel and domestic activity depending on factors that reduce disease impact, including hospital/ICU capacity, contact tracing, quarantine and vaccination. The tool enabled visualization of the combinations of imported cases and activity levels on the case numbers and the trade-offs required. For vaccination, a reduction factor should be applied both for likelihood of an infected case being present and a close contact getting infected.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Infectious diseases, quarantine, social distancing, Contact tracing, imported cases, traveller testing, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, vaccination, lockdown, activity, Probability, outbreak, Travel, Effectiveness, Community, Singapore, threshold, disease, change, parameters, Combination, close contact, Safe, online tool, reduction, Factor, Steady state, Modification, trade-off, trade-offs, parameter, secondary case, Effect, approach, setting, likelihood, Result, required, analysed, reduced, facilitate, arising, reduce, had no, reduction in, the mean, Increasing, high-risk activity, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19,