Purpose of the review Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular (CV) disease have a close relationship that emerged from the earliest reports. The aim of this review is to show the possible associations between COVID-19 and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Recent findings In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the prevalence of HFpEF is high, ranging from 4 to 16%, probably due to the shared cardio-metabolic risk profile. Indeed, comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease — known predictors of a severe course of COVID-19 — are major causes of HFpEF, too. COVID-19 may represent a precipitating factor leading to acute decompensation of HF in patients with known HFpEF and in those with subclinical diastolic dysfunction, which becomes overt. COVID-19 may also directly or indirectly affect the heart. In otherwise healthy patients, echocardiographic studies showed that the majority of COVID-19 patients present diastolic (rather than systolic) impairment, pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction. Such abnormalities are observed both in the acute or subacute phase of COVID-19. Cardiac magnetic resonance reveals myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in up to the 78% of patients in the chronic phase of the disease. Summary These findings suggest that COVID-19 might be a novel independent risk factor for the development of HFpEF, through the activation of a systemic pro-inflammatory state. Follow-up studies are urgently needed to better understand long-term sequelae of COVID-19 inflammatory cardiomyopathy.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-COV-2 infection, heart failure, HFpEF, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, 【초록키워드】 obesity, Comorbidity, fibrosis, risk, Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, Prevalence, Patient, predictor, Myocardial inflammation, Cardiomyopathy, disease, patients, association, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac, Inflammatory, COVID-19 patient, dysfunction, Activation, Ejection fraction, independent risk factor, impairment, abnormality, ventricular dysfunction, pro-inflammatory state, Affect, recent, diastolic, Course, healthy, the disease, majority, hospitalized patient, cause, reveal, echocardiographic, preserved, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 heart, failure, indication, role, Involvement, Ejection,