The high mortality observed in Covid-19 patients may be related to unrecognized pulmonary embolism, pulmonary thrombosis, or other underlying cardiovascular diseases. Recent data have highlighted that the mortality rate of Covid-19 seems to be higher in male patients compared to females. In this paper, we have analyzed possible factors that may underline this sex difference in terms of activity of the immune system and its modulation by sex hormones, coagulation pattern, and preexisting cardiovascular diseases as well as effects deriving from smoking and drinking habits. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effects of sex differences on the prevalence of infections, including Covid-19, its outcome, and the responses to antiviral treatments.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Mortality, cardiovascular diseases, immune system, Gender difference, Sex hormones, smoking habit, coagulation pattern, 【초록키워드】 thrombosis, cardiovascular disease, outcome, smoking, Coagulation, Prevalence, infections, response, male, Patient, mortality rate, Sex difference, Factor, modulation, high mortality, antiviral treatments, Future, Effect, females, recent, analyzed, evaluate the effect, 【제목키워드】 reason,