The rapid dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates how vulnerable it can make communities and is why it has attained the status of global pandemic. According to the estimation from Worldometer, the SARS-CoV-2 affected cases and deaths are exponentially increasing worldwide, marking the mortality rate as ∼3.8% with no probability of its cessation till now. Despite massive attempts and races among scientific communities in search of proper therapeutic options, the termination of this breakneck outbreak of COVID-19 has still not been made possible. Therefore, this review highlights the diverse molecular events induced by a viral infection, such as autophagy, unfolded protein response (UPR), and inflammasome, illustrating the intracellular cascades regulating viral replication inside the host cell. The SARS-CoV-2-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis are also emphasized in the review. Additionally, host’s immune response associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the genetic and epigenetic changes, have been demonstrated, which altogether impart a better understanding of its epidemiology. Considering the drawbacks of available diagnostics and medications, herein we have presented the most sensitive nano-based biosensors for the rapid detection of viral components. Moreover, conceptualizing the viral-induced molecular changes inside its target cells, nano-based antiviral systems have also been proposed in this review.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, autophagy, Inflammasome, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, genetics and epigenetics, nanobased diagnosis, nanobased therapeutics, 【초록키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Apoptosis, viral infection, Stress, Antiviral, Epidemiology, SARS-COV-2 infection, Genetic, medications, diagnostics, Endoplasmic reticulum, global pandemic, Probability, outbreak, viral replication, death, Community, unfolded protein response, Scientific community, mortality rate, molecular, dissemination, change, Epigenetic, therapeutic options, target cells, host cell, changes, components, cascade, UPR, event, highlight, affected, demonstrated, viral-induced, host’s immune response, the SARS-CoV-2, Worldometer, 【제목키워드】 detection, inhibition, Nanotechnology, Prospective,