Pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) which presents a large spectrum of manifestations with fatal outcomes in vulnerable people over 70-years-old and with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, COPD, and smoking status. Knowledge of the entry receptor is key to understand SARS-CoV-2 tropism, transmission and pathogenesis. Early evidence pointed to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Here, we provide a critical summary of the current knowledge highlighting the limitations and remaining gaps that need to be addressed to fully characterize ACE2 function in SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated pathogenesis. We also discuss ACE2 expression and potential role in the context of comorbidities associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential co-receptors/attachment factors such as neuropilins, heparan sulfate and sialic acids and the putative alternative receptors, such as CD147 and GRP78.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, Comorbidities, virus, receptor, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus, Pathogenesis, knowledge, SARS-COV-2 infection, obesity, Comorbidity, cardiovascular disease, Transmission, diabetes, outcome, hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, GRP78, COPD, CD147, outcomes, receptors, smoking status, ACE2 expression, disease, Critical, Evidence, manifestation, sialic acid, acute respiratory syndrome, Factor, entry receptor, SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, limitation, cause, addressed, highlighting, 【제목키워드】 Comorbidity, evidence of, entry receptor, implication,