First identified in November 2019 in Hubei Province, the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 soon spread worldwide to become a global health pandemic. The COVID-19 preferentially damages the respiratory system that produces symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath. However, the infection often tends to disseminate to involve various organ systems. Recent evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can cause significant neurological damage and resultant neurological symptoms and complications. Here, we provide a comprehensive and thorough review of original articles, case reports, and case series to delineate the possible mechanisms of nervous system invasion and damage by SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent consequences. We divided the neurological manifestations into three categories: (1) Central Nervous System involvement, (2) Peripheral Nervous System manifestations, and (3) Skeletal Muscle Injury. Headache and dizziness were found to be the most prevalent symptoms followed by impaired consciousness. Among the symptoms indicating peripheral nervous system invasion, anosmia and dysgeusia were commonly reported. Skeletal muscle injury predominantly presents as myalgia. In addition, encephalitis, myelitis, cerebrovascular disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and Miller Fischer syndrome were among the commonly noted complications. We also emphasized the association of pre-existing comorbidities with neurological manifestations. The aim of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the potential neurological implications to help neurologists have a high index of clinical suspicion allowing them to manage the patient appropriately.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, hypoxic injury, immune-mediated injury, cerebrovascular injury, 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, pandemic, Infection, Comorbidity, Symptom, cough, Encephalitis, Anosmia, Spread, Consequences, Health, Fever, nervous system, Manifestations, complications, neurological manifestations, mechanism, Guillain-barrè syndrome, association, Evidence, Injury, neurological, Cerebrovascular disease, Invasion, Dizziness, myalgia, muscle, organ systems, Shortness of breath, clinical suspicion, syndrome, help, neurological manifestation, peripheral, System, implication, recent, articles, prevalent, nervous, Neurological symptom, Miller, caused, reported, the patient, subsequent, addition, case sery, indicate, disseminate, 【제목키워드】 review, 2019-nCoV, literature, consequence, Comprehensive,