A new virus from the group of coronaviruses was identified as the cause of atypical pneumonia and called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and disease called Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). During the cytokine storm, the main cause of the death, proinflammatory cytokines are released which stimulate further tissue destruction. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in many immune and inflammatory processes and its role in COVID-19 is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine systemic values of Gal-1 and correlations between Gal-1 and proinflammatory cytokines and clinical parameters during COVID-19 progression. This is observational and cross-sectional study. 210 COVID-19 patients were included and divided into mild, severe or critical group according to COVID-19 severity. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, IL-33 and Gal-1 were measured using sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Systemic levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, IL-33 and Gal-1 were significantly higher in stage III of COVID-19 patients compared to stage I and II. There were no significant differences in the ratio between Gal-1 and IL-10 with proinflammatory cytokines. Positive correlation was detected between Gal-1 and IL-1β, IL6, IL-10, IL-23 and IL-33. Gal-1 positively correlated with chest radiographic finding, dry cough and headache and negatively correlated with normal breathing sound. Linear regression model and ROC curve analysis point on Gal-1 as significant predictor for COVID-19 severity. Presented results implicate on Gal-1 and IL-10 dependent immunomodulation. The precise mechanism of Gal-1 effect in COVID-19 and its potential as a stage marker of disease severity is still to be clarified.
【저자키워드】 immunology, Diseases, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cytokine storm, Cytokines, Pneumonia, IL-6, cross-sectional, disease severity, COVID-19 severity, IL6, cytokine, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, headache, ELISA, immune, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cross-sectional study, Corona, Regression model, IL-33, death, Mild, IL-10, respiratory, proinflammatory cytokines, correlation, disease, Critical, mechanism, Clinical parameters, marker, IL-1β, Analysis, Inflammatory, Atypical pneumonia, Atypical, COVID-19 patient, ROC Curve, systemic, Virus Disease, COVID-19 progression, Proinflammatory cytokine, galectin-1, no significant differences, tissue, no significant difference, serum levels, dry cough, positive correlation, Stage, correlations, new virus, clinical parameter, IL-23, Linear regression model, stage I, stage III, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, involved, coronavirus, determine, correlated, significantly higher, released, stimulate, were measured, pleiotropic, chest radiographic, positively correlated, the cytokine storm, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, Prognosis,