Abstract Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and its relationship with immune response to viral infections, this study attempted to identify the predictive power of serum vitamin D for poor outcomes among the COVID‐19 patients. This retrospective cohort study included all patients with confirmed COVID‐19 hospitalized between February 20, 2020, and April 20, 2020, at a designated COVID‐19 hospital, located in Tehran province, Iran. General characteristics, medical history and clinical symptoms were recorded by trained physicians. Blood parameters including complete blood count, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein and vitamin D were tested. This study included 290 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 (the mean age [ SD ]: 61.6 [16.9], 56.6% males), of whom 142 had vitamin D concentrations less than 20 ng/ml, defined as vitamin D deficiency. COVID‐19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to die (Crude OR [95% CI]: 2.30 [1.25–4.26]), require ICU (2.06 [1.22–3.46]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (2.03 [1.04–3.93]) based on univariate logistic regression results. Although, after adjusting for potentials confounders such as gender and age, the association between vitamin D and need to invasive mechanical ventilation lost its significance, adjusted values for the risk of death and ICU requirement were still statistically significant. Vitamin D deficiency can be considered as a predictor of poor outcomes and mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Therefore, checking serum 25 (OH) D on admission and taking vitamin D supplements according to the prophylactic or treatment protocols is recommended for all COVID‐19 patients. According to our study, COVID‐19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were about twice as much at risk for ICU hospitalization and death, even after adjusting the statistical model for age and gender.
【저자키워드】 COVID‐19, Vitamin D, SARS‐CoV‐2, Coronavirus infections, 【초록키워드】 immune response, Hospitalized, Mortality, Hospitalization, hospital, Gender, risk, outcome, Prophylactic, lactate dehydrogenase, viral infections, vitamin D deficiency, ICU, COVID‐19, Prevalence, Iran, Characteristics, complete blood count, Patient, Treatment protocol, death, Logistic regression, statistical model, age, Physicians, Admission, association, Invasive mechanical ventilation, creatinine, Concentration, risk of death, retrospective cohort study, deficiency, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, COVID‐19 patients, clinical symptom, C‐reactive protein, predictive power, Tehran, parameter, serum vitamin D, confounder, males, creatine phosphokinase, defined, tested, identify, adjusted, less, hospitalized patient, statistically significant, the mean, were recorded, age and gender, COVID‐19 patient, serum 25, vitamin D supplement, 【제목키워드】 outcome, predictive power, serum vitamin D, COVID‐19 patient,