High containment biological laboratories (HCBL) are required for work on Risk Group 3 and 4 agents across the spectrum of basic, applied, and translational research. These laboratories include biosafety level (BSL)-3, BSL-4, animal BSL (ABSL)-3, BSL-3-Ag (agriculture livestock), and ABSL-4 laboratories. While SARS-CoV-2 is classified as a Risk Group 3 biological agent, routine diagnostic can be handled at BSL-2. Scenarios involving virus culture, potential exposure to aerosols, divergent high transmissible variants, and zoonosis from laboratory animals require higher BSL-3 measures. Establishing HCBLs especially those at BSL-4 is costly and needs continual investments of resources and funding to sustain labor, equipment, infrastructure, certifications, and operational needs. There are now over 50 BSL-4 laboratories and numerous BSL-3 laboratories worldwide. Besides technical and funding challenges, there are biosecurity and dual-use risks, and local community issues to contend with in order to sustain operations. Here, we describe case histories for distinct HCBLs: representative national centers for diagnostic and reference, nonprofit organizations. Case histories describe capabilities and assess activities during COVID-19 and include capacities, gaps, successes, and summary of lessons learned for future practice.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, biosecurity, BSL-3, BSL-4, high containment biological laboratory, 【초록키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, equipment, diagnostic, Local, virus, Aerosols, Laboratory, activity, biosafety, Measures, Culture, Research, zoonosis, Community, group, resource, scenario, organizations, National, while, transmissible variants, BSL-2, Case history, include, required, applied, costly, translational, BSL, BSL-3 laboratory, Establishing, 【제목키워드】 work, Biological, Performing, Significance,