Background A dysregulated host immune response is common in patients with COVID-19. Aim In this study, we aimed to define the characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and their relationship with disease progression in COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods The baseline peripheral lymphocyte subsets were compared between 55 healthy controls and 95 patients with confirmed COVID-19, and between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients with or without DM. Results The prevalence of DM in the COVID-19 group was 20%, and patients with severe COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of DM than those with non-severe disease ( P = 0.006). Moreover, a significantly poor prognosis and a higher rate of severity were found in those with DM relative to those without DM ( P = 0.001, 0.003). Generally, all lymphocytes and subsets of lymphocytes, especially B and T cells, were significant reduced in COVID-19 patients, particularly in those with DM. Patients with severe COVID-19 and DM had the lowest lymphocyte counts compared with those with severe COVID-19 without DM, and those with non-severe COVID-19 with or without DM. Partially decreased lymphocyte subsets, age and DM were closely related to disease progression and prognosis. Conclusions These findings provide a reference for clinicians that immunomodulatory treatment may improve disease progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease with DM. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2000034563
【저자키워드】 Prognosis, disease severity, Diabetes Mellitus, Lymphocyte subsets, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Treatment, Lymphocytes, severe COVID-19, T cells, severity, Prevalence, Disease progression, Lymphocyte count, lymphocyte, Characteristics, Host immune response, Lymphocyte subset, clinical, immunomodulatory, Patient, age, disease, COVID-19 patients, severe disease, COVID-19 patient, clinician, healthy control, poor prognosis, Chinese, COVID-19 group, peripheral lymphocyte, lowest, IMPROVE, Result, significantly, reduced, to define, dysregulated, subset, baseline, patients with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 severity, lymphocyte, Severe patient, poor prognosis, the disease, reduced, subset, with COVID-19,