Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused massive disruptions to society and the economy, and the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms behind the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are poorly understood. Herein, we determined the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein C-terminal domain (CTD) at a resolution of 2.0 Å, and demonstrated that the CTD has a comparable distinct electrostatic potential surface to equivalent domains of other reported CoVs, suggesting that the CTD has novel roles in viral RNA binding and transcriptional regulation. Further in vitro biochemical assays demonstrated that the viral genomic intergenic transcriptional regulatory sequences (TRSs) interact with the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein CTD with a flanking region. The unpaired adeno dinucleotide in the TRS stem-loop structure is a major determining factor for their interactions. Taken together, these results suggested that the nucleocapsid protein CTD is responsible for the discontinuous viral transcription mechanism by recognizing the different patterns of viral TRS during transcription.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, nucleocapsid protein, crystal structure, C terminal domain, transcription regulating sequences, 【초록키워드】 Coronavirus disease 2019, Transcription, in vitro, RNA, Regulatory, genomic, interactions, mechanism, binding, C-terminal domain, acute respiratory syndrome, transcriptional regulation, domain, CoVs, viral transcription, TRS, transcriptional, biochemical assay, TRSs, responsible, caused, reported, in viral, demonstrated, suggested, comparable, recognizing, electrostatic, CTD, the SARS-CoV-2, transcriptional regulatory sequence, 【제목키워드】 novel, Recognition, sequence, insight, the SARS-CoV-2,