Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. COVID-19 incidence, severity, and mortality rates differ greatly between populations, genders, ABO blood groups, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes, ethnic groups, and geographic backgrounds. This highly heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 infection is multifactorial. Host genetic factors such as variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene ( ACE ), the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene ( ACE2 ), the transmembrane protease serine 2 gene ( TMPRSS2 ), along with HLA genotype, and ABO blood group help to explain individual susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of COVID-19. This review is focused on COVID-19 clinical and viral characteristics, pathogenesis, and genetic findings, with particular attention on genetic diversity and variants. The human genetic basis could provide scientific bases for disease prediction and targeted therapy to address the COVID-19 scourge.
【저자키워드】 Infectious diseases, Predictive markers, Medical genetics, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus disease 2019, ACE2, TMPRSS2, coronavirus, Ethnic groups, Pathogenesis, SARS-COV-2 infection, susceptibility, severity, Genetic, variant, human leukocyte antigen, protease, outcome, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, variants, Novel coronavirus, Antigen, Viral, Characteristics, Genotype, Blood groups, morbidity and mortality, genetic diversity, HLA, mortality rate, respiratory, targeted therapy, genotypes, mortality rates, disease, Blood, Blood Group, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin, ACE, ABO, genetic findings, genetic factors, leukocyte, COVID-19 incidence, Host genetic factor, acute respiratory syndrome, Serine, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, help, base, transmembrane, heterogeneous, genders, multifactorial, serine 2, populations, caused, groups, explain, 【제목키워드】 Human, Genetic,