COVID-19 has resulted in a pandemic after its first appearance in a pneumonia patient in China in early December 2019. As per WHO, this global outbreak of novel COVID-19 has resulted in 28,329,790 laboratory-confirmed cases and 911,877 deaths which have been reported from 210 countries as on 12 th Sep 2020. The major symptoms at the beginning of COVID-19 are fever (98%), tussis (76%), sore throat (17%), rhinorrhea (2%), chest pain (2%), and myalgia or fatigue (44%). Furthermore, acute respiratory distress syndrome (61.1%), cardiac dysrhythmia (44.4%), shock (30.6%), hemoptysis (5%), stroke (5%), acute cardiac injury (12%), acute kidney injury (36.6%), dermatological symptoms with maculopapular exanthema (36.1%), and death can occur in severe cases. Even though human coronavirus (CoV) is mainly responsible for the infections of the respiratory tract, some studies have shown CoV (in case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, MERS) to possess potential to spread to extra-pulmonary organs including the nervous system as well as gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Patients infected with COVID-19 have also shown symptoms associated with neurological and enteric infection like disorders related to smell/taste, loss of appetite, nausea, emesis, diarrhea, and pain in the abdomen. In the present review, we attempt to evaluate the understanding of basic mechanisms involved in clinical manifestations of COVID-19, mainly focusing on interaction of COVID-19 with gut-brain axis. This review combines both biological characteristics of the virus and its clinical manifestations in order to comprehend an insight into the fundamental potential mechanisms of COVID-19 virus infection, and thus endorse in the advancement of prophylactic and treatment strategies.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Cytokine storm, ACE2 receptor, microbiota, COVID-19 infection, Dysbiosis, Gut-brain axis, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, coronavirus, pandemic, fatigue, Pneumonia, stroke, Infection, Acute kidney injury, Symptom, Prophylactic, MERS, diarrhea, virus, Acute cardiac injury, China, Shock, Characteristics, outbreak, Fever, Patient, Pain, death, severe cases, nervous system, COVID-19 virus, CoV, WHO, respiratory tract, respiratory, mechanism, gastrointestinal tract, acute respiratory distress, Interaction, neurological, chest pain, myalgia, Middle East, Exanthema, clinical manifestation, sore throat, Treatment strategies, potential mechanism, syndrome, nausea, disorder, loss of appetite, rhinorrhea, laboratory-confirmed, abdomen, hemoptysis, country, shown, responsible, evaluate, spread to, involved, reported, occur, emesis, extra-pulmonary organ, infected with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 SARS CoV-2, axis, relationship, illness,