The effects of cytokine inhibition in the different phases of the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently at the center of intense debate, and preliminary results from observational studies and case reports offer conflicting results thus far. The identification of the correct timing of administration of anti-cytokine therapies and other immunosuppressants in COVID-19 should take into account the intricate relationship between the viral burden, the hyperactivation of the innate immune system and the adaptive immune dysfunction. The main challenge for effective administration of anti-cytokine therapy in COVID-19 will be therefore to better define a precise “window of therapeutic opportunity.” Only considering a more specific set of criteria able to integrate information on direct viral damage, the cytokine burden, and the patient’s immune vulnerability, it will be possible to decide, carefully balancing both benefits and risks, the appropriateness of using immunosuppressive drugs even in patients affected primarily by an infectious disease.
【저자키워드】 Cytokine storm, coronavirus, T cell, immune activation, innate and adaptive immune response, tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibitor), 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, adaptive, cytokine, Infectious disease, observational study, immune, Case report, innate immune system, therapeutic, Patient, information, Immunosuppressant, administration, immune dysfunction, criteria, severe coronavirus disease, anti-cytokine therapy, viral burden, viral damage, Hyperactivation, offer, Effect, effective, benefit, affected, immunosuppressive drug,