Calcium (Ca 2+ ) is a vital secondary messenger in T lymphocytes regulating a vast array of important events including maturation, homeostasis, activation, and apoptosis and can enter the cell through CRAC, TRP, and Ca V channels. Here we describe a mutation in the L-type Ca 2+ channel Ca V 1.4 leading to T lymphocyte dysfunction, including several hallmarks of immunological exhaustion. Ca V 1.4-deficient mice exhibited an expansion of central and effector memory T lymphocytes, and an upregulation of inhibitory receptors on several T cell subsets. Moreover, the sustained elevated levels of activation markers on B lymphocytes suggest that they are in a chronic state of activation. Functionally, T lymphocytes exhibited a reduced store-operated Ca 2+ flux compared to wild-type controls. Finally, modifying environmental conditions by herpes virus infection exacerbated the dysfunctional immune phenotype of the Ca V 1.4-deficient mice. This is the first example where the mutation of a Ca V channel leads to T lymphocyte dysfunction, including the upregulation of several inhibitory receptors, hallmarks of T cell exhaustion, and establishes the physiological importance of Ca V channel signaling in maintaining a nimble immune system.
【저자키워드】 T cell exhaustion, T cell memory, chronic infections,