The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) elicited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastating health, economic and social impact worldwide. Its clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic to respiratory failure and multi-organ failure or death. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is attributed to a complex interplay between virus and host immune response. It involves activation of multiple inflammatory pathways leading to hyperinflammation and cytokine storm, resulting in tissue damage, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. Accumulating evidence has raised concern over the long-term health effects of COVID-19. Importantly, the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may have devastating consequences in the brain. This review provides a conceptual framework on how the virus tricks the host immune system to induce infection and cause severe disease. We also explore the key differences between mild and severe COVID-19 and its short- and long-term effects, particularly on the human brain.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cytokine storm, innate immune response, hyperinflammation, Immunopathogenesis, Adaptive immune response, 【초록키워드】 ARDS, coronavirus, Respiratory failure, severe COVID-19, Infection, virus, Brain, Health, Coronavirus disease-19, Asymptomatic, Host immune response, death, Mild, acute respiratory distress, Evidence, severe disease, Neuroinvasive, acute respiratory syndrome, Activation, tissue damage, syndrome, multi-organ failure, complex interplay, host immune system, pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, Effect, Effects, consequence, resulting, caused, raised, provide, induce, elicited, inflammatory pathway, 【제목키워드】 response, Sword,