Abstract Background In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries mandated staying at home to reduce transmission. This study examined the association between living arrangements (house occupancy numbers) and outcomes in COVID-19. Methods Study population was drawn from the COPE study, a multicentre cohort study. House occupancy was defined as: living alone; living with one other person; living with multiple other people; or living in a nursing/residential home. Outcomes were time from admission to mortality and discharge (Cox regression), and Day 28 mortality (logistic regression) analyses were adjusted for key comorbidities and covariates including admission: age, sex, smoking, heart failure, admission C-reactive protein (CRP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, frailty and others. Results A total of 1584 patients were included from 13 hospitals across UK and Italy: 676 (42.7%) were female, 907 (57.3%) were male, median age was 74 years (range: 19–101). At 28 days, 502 (31.7%) had died. Median admission CRP was 67, 82, 79.5 and 83 mg/l for those living alone, with someone else, in a house of multiple occupancy and in a nursing/residential home, respectively. Compared to living alone, living with anyone was associated with increased mortality: within a couple [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) = 1.39, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.09–1.77, P = 0.007]; living in a house of multiple occupancy (aHR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.17–2.38, P = 0.005); and living in a residential home (aHR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.80, P = 0.031). Conclusion For patients hospitalized with COVID-19, those living with one or more people had an increased association with mortality, they also exhibited higher CRP indicating increased disease severity suggesting they delayed seeking care.
【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Mortality, COVID-19 pandemic, disease severity, hospital, frailty, Comorbidity, Sex, C-reactive protein, CRP, Transmission, outcome, smoking, discharge, cohort study, heart failure, male, female, Patient, Logistic regression, age, multicentre, Admission, Care, pulmonary disease, association, glomerular filtration rate, Cox regression, 95% CI, 95% confidence interval, house, hazard ratio, median age, covariate, country, COPE, Result, defined, examined, died, Day, exhibited, adjusted, analysis, reduce, chronic obstructive, patients hospitalized, seeking, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Mortality, Multiple, hospitalized patient, with COVID-19,