More men than women have died from COVID-19. Genes encoded on X chromosomes, and sex hormones may explain the decreased fatality of COVID-19 in women. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene is located on X chromosomes. Men, with a single X chromosome, may lack the alternative mechanism for cellular protection after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Some Toll-like receptors encoded on the X chromosomes can sense SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids, leading to a stronger innate immunity response in women. Both estrogen and estrogen receptor-α contribute to T cell activation. Interventional approaches including estrogen-related compounds and androgen receptor antagonists may be considered in patients with COVID-19.
All Keywords
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, immune response, Estrogen, hormone, androgen, chromosome, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Innate immunity, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Toll-like receptor, nucleic acids, receptor, women, X chromosome, mechanism, T cell activation, fatality, cellular, sex hormone, Compound, chromosomes, antagonist, men, lack, approach, died, contribute, explain, patients with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Sex, mechanism, COVID-19 mortality,
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, immune response, Estrogen, hormone, androgen, chromosome, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, Innate immunity, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Toll-like receptor, nucleic acids, receptor, women, X chromosome, mechanism, T cell activation, fatality, cellular, sex hormone, Compound, chromosomes, antagonist, men, lack, approach, died, contribute, explain, patients with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 Sex, mechanism, COVID-19 mortality,