With the ongoing pandemic, it is critical to understand how natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 develops. We have identified that subjects with more severe COVID-19 disease mount a more robust and neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a global pandemic. The antigen specificity of the antibody response mounted against this novel virus is not understood in detail. Here, we report that subjects with a more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a larger antibody response against the spike and nucleocapsid protein and epitope spreading to subdominant viral antigens, such as open reading frame 8 and nonstructural proteins. Subjects with a greater antibody response mounted a larger memory B cell response against the spike, but not the nucleocapsid protein. Additionally, we revealed that antibodies against the spike are still capable of binding the D614G spike mutant and cross-react with the SARS-CoV-1 receptor binding domain. Together, this study reveals that subjects with a more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a greater overall antibody response to the spike and nucleocapsid protein and a larger memory B cell response against the spike.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, Neutralizing antibodies, memory B cells, Humoral immunity, infection severity, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, coronavirus, pandemic, antibody, SARS-COV-2 infection, Antibody Response, Infection, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, virus, SARS-CoV-1, Spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, Receptor binding domain, Antigen, COVID-19 disease, global pandemic, nonstructural proteins, specificity, Viral, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, D614G, mutant, respiratory, epitope, Critical, severe COVID-19 disease, Neutralizing antibody response, memory B cell, binding, Open reading frame, natural immunity, acute respiratory syndrome, Frame, viral antigens, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, subject, Cell, severe SARS-CoV-2, memory B, robust, greater, reveal, the antibody response, cross-react, antibody response against, mounted, 【제목키워드】 Superior, the Spike,