Abstract BST2/tetherin, an interferon‐inducible antiviral factor, can block the cellular release of various enveloped viruses. We previously reported that human coronavirus 229E (HCoV‐229E) infection can alleviate the BST2 tethering of HIV‐1 virions by downregulating cell surface BST2, suggesting that coronaviruses are capable of encoding anti‐BST2 factors. Here we report our new finding that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) spike (S) glycoprotein, similar to Vpu, is capable of antagonizing the BST2 tethering of SARS‐CoV, HCoV‐229E, and HIV‐1 virus‐like particles via BST2 downregulation. However, unlike Vpu (which downmodulates BST2 by means of proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways), BST2 downregulation is apparently mediated by SARS‐CoV S through the lysosomal degradation pathway only. We found that SARS‐CoV S colocalized with both BST2 and reduced cell surface BST2, suggesting an association between SARS‐CoV S and BST2 that targets the lysosomal degradation pathway. According to one recent report, SARS‐CoV ORF7a antagonizes BST2 by interfering with BST2 glycosylation 1 . Our data provide support for the proposal that SARS‐CoV and other enveloped viruses are capable of evolving supplementary anti‐BST2 factors in a manner that requires virus replication. Further experiments are required to determine whether the BST2‐mediated restriction of authentic SARS‐CoV virions is alleviated by the SARS‐CoV spike protein. Highlight BST2/tetherin inhibits the release of various enveloped viruses. SARS‐CoV S antagonizes the BST2 tethering of human coronavirus and HIV‐1 virus‐like particles. SARS‐CoV S colocalizes with BST2 and reduces cell surface BST2. SARS‐CoV S downregulates BST2 through lysosomal degradation pathway.
【저자키워드】 coronavirus, Innate immunity, immune responses, SARS Coronavirus, virus classification, Human immunodeficiency virus, 【초록키워드】 viruses, Antiviral, glycosylation, Infection, Spike protein, Particle, Factors, pathway, virus replication, target, glycoprotein, experiment, Degradation, association, ORF7a, cellular, Pathways, Support, acute respiratory syndrome, Factor, Particles, downregulation, virion, human coronavirus 229E, BST2, Cell, virus, reported, inhibit, required, reduced, coronavirus, determine, reduce, lysosomal, downregulate, alleviate, downregulating, proteasomal, 【제목키워드】 coronavirus spike protein, acute respiratory syndrome, counteract,