The lungs are directly connected to the external environment, which makes them more vulnerable to infection and injury. They are protected by the respiratory epithelium and immune cells to maintain a dynamic balance. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of unconventional T cells, which have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Although MAIT cells account for a small part of the total immune cells in the lungs, evidence suggests that these cells are activated by T cell receptors and/or cytokine receptors and mediate immune response. They play an important role in immunosurveillance and immunity against microbial infection, and recent studies have shown that subsets of MAIT cells play a role in promoting pulmonary inflammation. Emerging data indicate that MAIT cells are involved in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and possible immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here, we introduce MAIT cell biology to clarify their role in the immune response. Then we review MAIT cells in human and murine lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer, and discuss their possible protective and pathological effects. MAIT cells represent an attractive marker and potential therapeutic target for disease progression, thus providing new strategies for the treatment of lung diseases.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Inflammation, Asthma, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IL, interleukin, TB, Tuberculosis, STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, TLR, Toll-like receptor, Th, T helper, MHC, major histocompatibility complex, TCR, T cell receptor, CF, cystic fibrosis, APC, antigen presenting cell, CD, cluster of differentiation, Mucosa-associated invariant T cells, MAIT, Mucosal-associated invariant T, iNKT, invariant natural killer T, MR1, MHC-related protein 1, 6-FP, 6 formylpterin, 5-OE-RU, 5-(2-oxoethylideneamino)-5-dribitylaminouracil, 5-OP-RU, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-5-dribitylaminouracil, DN, double negative, RORγt, retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor γt, PLZF, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger, CCR, CC receptor, CXCR, chemokine CXC receptor, IFN-γ, interferon-γ, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, GM-CSF, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Gzm, granzyme, SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus, AHR, airway hyper responsiveness, BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, ILCs, innate lymphoid cells, FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second, IL4I1, interleukin-4-induced gene 1, CAP, Community-acquired pneumonia, HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, TCF7, transcription factor 7, PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1, HLA-DR, human leukocyte antigen DR, 【초록키워드】 Treatment, SARS-CoV-2, immune response, Pathogenesis, adaptive, Immunity, Pneumonia, T cells, Infection, lung, lung cancer, pulmonary inflammation, Disease progression, Lungs, Immunopathogenesis, Lung diseases, T cell receptor, Protective, pulmonary disease, marker, Evidence, Immune cell, Injury, pulmonary tuberculosis, cytokine receptor, respiratory epithelium, potential therapeutic target, microbial infection, dynamic balance, murine, Effects, Cell, shown, involved, activated, maintain, subset, these cell, chronic obstructive, 【제목키워드】 Lung disease, T cell, title,