Highlights • Identifies components required for CoV 2′O-MTase activity including structural motifs and interaction partners. • Demonstrates attenuation of NSP16 mutants in multiple CoV strains. • Defines innate immune components including MDA5 and IFIT proteins that mediate the attenuation of 2′O-MTase CoV mutants. • Provides approaches to exploit 2′O-MTase pathways for antiviral treatment of CoVs and other viruses. The recent emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), nearly a decade after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) CoV, highlights the importance of understanding and developing therapeutic treatment for current and emergent CoVs. This manuscript explores the role of NSP16, a 2′O-methyl-transferase (2′O-MTase), in CoV infection and the host immune response. The review highlights conserved motifs, required interaction partners, as well as the attenuation of NSP16 mutants, and restoration of these mutants in specific immune knockouts. Importantly, the work also identifies a number of approaches to exploit this understanding for therapeutic treatment and the data clearly illustrate the importance of NSP16 2′O-MTase activity for CoV infection and pathogenesis.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV, MDA5, nsp16, CoV, 2′O-Methyl-transferase, 2′O-MTase, 【초록키워드】 viruses, Pathogenesis, Antiviral treatment, MERS-CoV, immune, Protein, Host immune response, pathway, mutants, mutant, respiratory, Strains, innate immune, Interaction, motifs, Middle East, CoVs, CoV infection, manuscript, component, motif, Therapeutic treatment, approach, highlight, identify, conserved, required, 【제목키워드】 Treatment, non-structural protein,