Abstract The efficacy of the vaccines varies between individuals and populations. The immunogenicity of the vaccine is influenced by various factors, including host factors. Previous studies have shown that host factors affect the effectiveness of vaccines, which may be true about COVID‐19 vaccines. In this review, we evaluate the possible association of host factors with vaccine efficacy with a special focus on COVID‐19 vaccines. Highlights In general, immunosenescence, inflammaging, poor diet, diversity and composition of gut microbiota, and high prevalence of comorbidities are associated with lower vaccine responses in aged people. Immune responses vary between two sexes, which can lead to sex disparities in vaccine responses. Vaccines are less effective in low‐ and middle‐income countries compare to high‐income countries, but malnutrition can contribute. Association between individual microbiota composition and vaccination response has been reported.
【저자키워드】 COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, vaccine efficacy, host factors, vaccine immunogenicity, COVID‐19 vaccine, 【초록키워드】 Efficacy, Vaccine, vaccination, Vaccines, Comorbidity, Sex, COVID‐19, Prevalence, microbiota, vaccine response, response, Effectiveness, Factors, gut microbiota, Malnutrition, association, vaccine responses, Factor, individual, previous study, Host, Affect, populations, country, effective, shown, evaluate, reported, less, contribute, the vaccine, 【제목키워드】 Vaccine, COVID‐19, Factor,