Abstract
Infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 induce a severe acute respiratory syndrome called COVID-19 and have led to more than six million deaths worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective preventative measure, and cellular and humoral immunity is crucial to developing individual protection. Here, we aim to investigate hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 triggered by the ChAadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a Brazilian cohort. We investigated the immune response from ChAadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in naïve (noCOVID-19) and previously infected individuals (COVID-19) by analyzing levels of D-dimers, total IgG, neutralizing antibodies (Nabs), IFN-γ (interferon-γ) secretion, and immunophenotyping of memory lymphocytes. No significant differences in D-dimer levels were observed 7 or 15 days after vaccination (DAV). All vaccinated individuals presented higher levels of total IgG or Nabs with a positive correlation (R = 0.88). Individuals in the COVID-19 group showed higher levels of antibody and memory B cells, with a faster antibody response starting at 7 DAV compared to noCOVID-19 at 15 DAV. Further, ChAadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination led to enhanced IFN-γ production (15 DAV) and an increase in activated T CD4+ naïve cells in noCOVID-19 individuals in contrast with COVID-19 individuals. Hence, our data support that hybrid immunity triggered by ChAadOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination is associated with enhanced humoral response, together with a balanced cellular response.
Keywords: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; cellular and humoral immunity; hybrid immunity.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Cellular and humoral immunity, hybrid immunity., 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, neutralizing antibody, SARS-CoV-2, IgG, Vaccine, immune response, vaccination, Lymphocytes, Immunity, antibody, Antibody Response, memory B cells, memory, Humoral immunity, Cohort, death, ChAdOx1, IFN-γ, cellular response, cellular, D-dimer level, humoral, Support, interferon-γ, acute respiratory syndrome, significant difference, infected individual, individual, positive correlation, secretion, naïve, COVID-19 group, vaccinated individual, effective, Cell, caused, investigated, activated, faster, increase in, induce, triggered, individuals, CD4+ naïve, DAV, with COVID-19, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, investigation,