Abstract
Despite effective spike-based vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues more than two and a half years post-onset. Relentless investigation has outlined a causative dynamic between host-derived antibodies and reciprocal viral subversion. Integration of this paradigm into the architecture of next generation antiviral strategies, predicated on a foundational understanding of the virology and immunology of SARS-CoV-2, will be critical for success. This review aims to serve as a primer on the immunity endowed by antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through a structural perspective. We begin by introducing the structure and function of spike, polyclonal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 spike, and the emergence of major SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade immunity. The remainder of the article comprises an in-depth dissection of all major epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike in molecular detail, with emphasis on the origins, neutralizing potency, mechanisms of action, cross-reactivity, and variant resistance of representative monoclonal antibodies to each epitope.
Keywords: Coronavirus cross-reactivity; N-terminal domain antibody; Neutralizing variants of concern; Receptor-binding domain antibody; S2 antibody; SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody; SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody; Spike epitopes.
【저자키워드】 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, spike epitopes, SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody, S2 antibody, Neutralizing variants of concern, Receptor-binding domain antibody, N-terminal domain antibody, Coronavirus cross-reactivity, 【초록키워드】 immunology, SARS-CoV-2, pandemic, Immunity, spike, antibody, monoclonal antibody, variant, SARS-CoV-2 variant, monoclonal antibodies, cross-reactivity, Epitopes, Receptor-binding domain, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, Neutralizing, molecular, epitope, Critical, mechanism, SARS-CoV-2 spike, N-terminal domain, integration, Antiviral strategies, Perspective, primer, Spike-based vaccine, effective, polyclonal, evade, outlined, the SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2 spike, Antibody-mediated immunity,