Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses an imminent threat to humanity. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells, causing a failure of host immune recognition. Instead of an effective antiviral immunological response after SARS-CoV-2 invasion, the cascading pathological syndrome of COVID-19, especially in severe disease, is exacerbated by an overt inflammatory response and the suppression of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses. As is known, excessive inflammation leads to pathophysiological changes in virus-infected tissues or organs, manifested by imbalanced immune responses, cytokine storm, and aggressive neutrophil activation, ultimately leading to lung damage, such as alveolar damage, endotheliitis, and fluid overload. However, the triggers and consequences of a disruption to immune system homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms of uncontrolled immunopathology following viral infection remain unclear. Here, we review the dynamic and systemic immune progression from an imbalance in cell-mediated immune responses to COVID-19 lung injury. Our understanding of key mechanisms involved in pathogenesis is critical for the development of therapeutic agents and to optimize therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: COVID-19; NETs; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; pathogenesis.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cytokine storm, NETs, pathogenesis., 【초록키워드】 coronavirus disease, viral infection, coronavirus, pandemic, Pathogenesis, Antiviral, cytokine, Lung injury, progression, immunopathology, immune system, immune, Endotheliitis, immune responses, Therapeutic strategies, therapeutic agent, Critical, mechanism, homeostasis, Immunological response, Inflammatory response, severe disease, Invasion, Trigger, neutrophil activation, lung damage, host cells, alveolar damage, acute respiratory syndrome, tissue, syndrome, excessive inflammation, organs, cell-mediated immune response, SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses, Host, effective, consequence, fluid overload, caused, involved, exacerbated, changes in, manifested, pathophysiological, 【제목키워드】 immunopathology, cell-mediated immune,