Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) has been identified as the source of a world coronavirus pandemic in 2019. Covid-19 is considered a main respiratory disease-causing viral pneumonia and, in severe cases, leads to acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although, extrapulmonary manifestations of Covid-19 like neurological, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal have been confirmed. Exaggerated immune response and release of a high amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines may progress, causing a cytokine storm. Consequently, direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection can evolve into systemic complications due to the progression of hyper inflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Therefore, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents could be efficient in alleviating these disorders. Ursolic acid has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects; it reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improves anti-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, ursolic acid may minimize SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced complications. Also, by regulating RAS and inflammatory signaling pathways, ursolic acid might effectively reduce the development of ALI in ARDS in Covid-19. In this state, this perspective discusses how ursolic acid can mitigate hyper inflammation and oxidative stress in Covid-19.
Keywords: Acute lung injury; Antiviral; Covid-19; Immunity; Oxidative stress; Pandemics.
【저자키워드】 COVID-19, Immunity, Antiviral, oxidative stress, acute lung injury, Pandemics, 【초록키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, ARDS, Cytokine storm, coronavirus, immune response, pandemic, Anti-inflammatory, SARS-COV-2 infection, lung, progression, antioxidant, RAS, renin-angiotensin system, Viral pneumonia, severe cases, Complication, ROS, complications, pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute respiratory distress, Pathways, neurological, manifestation, dysregulation, ursolic acid, antioxidant effects, acute respiratory syndrome, disorders, Perspective, syndrome, pro-inflammatory cytokine, anti-inflammatory cytokines, mitigate, hyper inflammation, inflammatory signaling, IMPROVE, inhibit, indirect effect, reduce, reactive oxygen specy, disease-causing, 【제목키워드】 SARS-CoV-2, ursolic acid, Perspective,