Understanding how antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 evolve during infection may provide important insight into therapeutic approaches and vaccination for COVID-19. Here we profile the antibody responses of 162 COVID-19 symptomatic patients in the COVID-BioB cohort followed longitudinally for up to eight months from symptom onset to find SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, as well as antibodies either recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and nucleoprotein, or specific for S2 antigen of seasonal beta-coronaviruses and hemagglutinin of the H1N1 flu virus. The presence of neutralizing antibodies within the first weeks from symptoms onset correlates with time to a negative swab result (p = 0.002), while the lack of neutralizing capacity correlates with an increased risk of a fatal outcome (p = 0.008). Neutralizing antibody titers progressively drop after 5–8 weeks but are still detectable up to 8 months in the majority of recovered patients regardless of age or co-morbidities, with IgG to spike antigens providing the best correlate of neutralization. Antibody responses to seasonal coronaviruses are temporarily boosted, and parallel those to SARS-CoV-2 without dampening the specific response or worsening disease progression. Our results thus suggest compromised immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike to be a major trait of COVID-19 patients with critical conditions, and thereby inform on the planning of COVID-19 patient care and therapy prioritization. Antibody responses are critical for protection from developing severe COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here the authors show that antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein correlate with neutralizing capacity and protection, are not affected by heterologous boosting of influenza or common cold immunity, and can last up to 8 months.
【저자키워드】 viral infection, Infection, Humoral immunity, Antimicrobial responses, 【초록키워드】 COVID-19, neutralizing antibody, SARS-CoV-2, IgG, immune response, vaccination, therapy, severe COVID-19, Immunity, Neutralizing antibodies, antibody, Influenza, neutralization, SARS-COV-2 infection, Antibody Response, outcome, virus, Spike protein, Antigen, Disease progression, Cohort, Antibody responses, immune responses, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, Antibody titer, hemagglutinin, understanding, antigens, age, H1N1, neutralizing capacity, Swab, common cold, flu, seasonal coronaviruses, recovered patients, nucleoprotein, seasonal coronavirus, Care, Critical, co-morbidities, Antibody titers, Heterologous, SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, SARS-CoV-2 spike, Therapeutic approach, COVID-19 patient, beta-coronavirus, best, Planning, symptom onset, Patient care, increased risk, therapeutic approaches, neutralizing antibody titers, SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen, worsening, morbidities, symptoms onset, S2 antigen, recovered patient, lack, detectable, eight, majority, recognizing, not affected, conditions, the antibody response, COVID-19 symptomatic patient, the SARS-CoV-2, 【제목키워드】 COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Antibody Response, survival, symptomatic, Critical,